In treating a 49-year-old woman with severe headaches and photosensitivity, what should be the priority precaution?

• A. Apply a cardiac monitor
• B. Protect yourself from nasopharyngeal secretions
• C. Treat her for viral meningitis
• D. Assist her ventilations

Answer: (B)

In the scenario of treating a 49-year-old woman presenting with severe headaches and photosensitivity, the priority precaution centers around the risk of infections that can be transmitted through respiratory secretions. Severe headaches combined with photosensitivity can be indicative of conditions like viral meningitis or other infectious processes, which can pose a risk of nasopharyngeal secretions containing pathogens.

Protecting oneself from exposure to these secretions is crucial, especially when dealing with a patient who may potentially have a contagious form of meningitis. This necessitates the use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as masks and eye protection, to reduce the risk of transmission to healthcare providers.

Other options, while relevant in a broader medical context, do not prioritize immediate precautionary measures against potential infectious risk. Cardiac monitoring, while important in many scenarios, does not directly address the infectious concerns presented by her symptoms. Treating for viral meningitis or assisting with ventilations may be necessary depending on further assessment, but the immediate task is to ensure safety from any potential infectious exposure to clinicians and others in the vicinity.